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Multiplicative Comparison
Multiplication & Division
Interpret a multiplication equation as a comparison (e.g. 35 = 5 × 7 means 35 is 5 times as many as 7); represent verbal statements of multiplicative comparisons as equations
Multiplying and dividing
Multiplication & Division
Multiply and divide whole numbers and those involving decimals by 10, 100, and 1000
Multiplying fractions
Fractions
Understand a/b as a multiple of 1/b; multiply proper fractions and mixed numbers by whole numbers, supported by visual models (e.g. 3 × 2/5 = 6/5 = 1 1/5)
Negative numbers in context
Number Representation & Place Value
Interpret negative numbers in context (temperature, sea level, bank balance); count forwards and backwards with positive and negative whole numbers, including through zero
Ordering Likelihoods
Probability
Compare the likelihood of different events and order them from least to most likely — including situations with unequal outcomes such as a bag with more of one colour than another, or a spinner with sections of different sizes — and explain reasoning using informal language
Percentage and decimal equivalents
Fractions
Solve problems requiring knowledge of percentage and decimal equivalents of 1/2, 1/4, 1/5, 2/5, 4/5 and fractions with denominators that are multiples of 10 or 25
Percentages (age 9+)
Ratio & Proportion
Know and use the vocabulary of ratio and proportion — ratio, proportion, percentage, scale, equivalent, unequal, relative size, part-to-part, part-to-whole, and out of — and understand the difference between ratio (comparing parts to parts) and proportion (comparing a part to the whole)
Perimeter of Compound Shapes
Measurement
Measure and calculate the perimeter of composite rectilinear shapes in centimetres and metres
Place Value × 10 Pattern
Number Representation & Place Value
Recognise that in a multi-digit whole number, a digit in one place represents ten times what it represents in the place to its right (e.g. 700 ÷ 70 = 10)
Precise Maths Vocabulary
Mathematical Thinking
Communicate with mathematical precision: use correct vocabulary for primes, factors, multiples, angle types, and polygon regularity; specify units including cm², m³, °; use notation for squares/cubes and percentages accurately
Prime numbers
Multiplication & Division
Know and use the vocabulary of prime numbers, prime factors, and composite numbers; establish whether a number up to 100 is prime; recall prime numbers up to 19
Probability as a Fraction
Probability
Describe the probability of simple equally-likely outcomes using unit fractions: the probability of rolling a 6 on a fair die is 1/6, flipping heads is 1/2, picking one specific colour from three equally represented colours is 1/3; place these fractional probabilities on a 0-to-1 probability scale
Reading and Comparing Bar Graphs
Data & Statistics
Solve comparison, sum, and difference problems using information presented in a bar graph
Reading and writing numbers (age 9+)
Number Representation & Place Value
Read, write, order, and compare whole numbers up to at least 1,000,000 using base-ten numerals, number names, expanded form, and place-value understanding
Reading tables
Data & Statistics
Complete, read, and interpret information in tables, including timetables
Real-World Maths Modelling
Mathematical Thinking
Model real-world problems involving scaling, unit conversion, area/perimeter, and percentage by selecting appropriate mathematical representations and interpreting results in context
Reasoning with Equivalences
Mathematical Thinking
Recognise and use repeated reasoning to generalise: extend patterns in equivalent fractions and percentage conversions, derive unknown facts from known facts, describe general rules for sequences and predict terms
Regular and irregular polygons
Geometry
Distinguish between regular and irregular polygons based on reasoning about equal sides and equal angles
Roman numerals to 1000
Number Representation & Place Value
Read Roman numerals to 1000 (M) and recognise years written in Roman numerals
Rounding Large Numbers
Number Representation & Place Value
Round any whole number up to 1,000,000 to the nearest 10, 100, 1,000, 10,000, or 100,000 using place-value understanding
Shape patterns
Multiplication & Division
Generate a number or shape pattern that follows a given rule; identify apparent features of the pattern not explicit in the rule and explain informally why they occur
Simple Chance Experiments
Probability
Conduct simple probability experiments — flipping a coin, rolling a die, pulling coloured counters from a bag — record results, and compare experimental outcomes with expected theoretical outcomes
Square and cube numbers
Multiplication & Division
Recognise and use square numbers and cube numbers, and the notation for squared (²) and cubed (³)
Statistical Analysis Vocabulary
Data & Statistics
Read, write, and use the vocabulary of statistical analysis — mean, median, mode, range, frequency, data, sample, average, chart, table, graph, pie chart, scatter graph, correlation — with understanding of what each term describes