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MathematicsAges 9–10

Equally Likely Outcomes

Probability

Understand that 'equally likely' means every outcome has exactly the same chance of occurring; identify whether a given situation has equally likely outcomes (a fair coin, a fair die, a spinner with equal sections) or unequally likely outcomes (a bag with more of one colour, a spinner with unequal sections)

MathematicsAges 9–10

Equivalent fractions (age 9+)

Fractions

Explain why a fraction a/b is equivalent to (n×a)/(n×b) using visual models; use this principle to recognise and generate equivalent fractions, including tenths and hundredths

MathematicsAges 9–10

Estimating Angles

Geometry

Estimate and compare acute, obtuse, and reflex angles in degrees; classify angles by type and order them by size

MathematicsAges 9–10

Estimating answers (age 9+)

Measurement

Apply the area formula (l × w) and perimeter formula (2l + 2w) for rectangles including squares in real-world and mathematical problems; calculate and compare areas using standard units (cm², m²) and estimate areas of irregular shapes

MathematicsAges 9–10

Estimating volume

Measurement

Estimate volume of cuboids using 1 cm³ blocks; estimate capacity of containers using water

MathematicsAges 9–11

Factors, multiples, and primes

Multiplication & Division

Find all factor pairs for a whole number in the range 1–100; identify common factors and common multiples of two numbers; use these concepts to solve problems

MathematicsAges 9–10

Factors, multiples, and primes (age 9+)

Multiplication & Division

Solve problems involving multiplication and division using knowledge of factors, multiples, squares, and cubes

MathematicsAges 9–10

Fluent addition and subtraction (age 9+)

Addition & Subtraction

Fluently add and subtract whole numbers with more than four digits using the standard columnar algorithm

MathematicsAges 9–10

Fraction Addition Concepts

Fractions

Understand addition and subtraction of fractions as joining and separating parts; decompose a fraction into a sum of fractions with the same denominator in more than one way

MathematicsAges 9–10

Fractions of a whole (age 9+)

Fractions

Solve word problems involving multiplication of a fraction by a whole number using visual models and equations

MathematicsAges 9–10

Fractions on a number line

Measurement

Solve word problems involving distances, time intervals, liquid volumes, masses, and money using the four operations with fractions or decimals; represent with diagrams including number lines

MathematicsAges 9–10

Fractions on a number line (age 9+)

Mathematical Thinking

Move fluently between real-world situations, diagrams, number lines, bar models, and symbolic equations involving multi-digit multiplication, fractions, decimals, and percentages, explaining connections between representations

MathematicsAges 9–10

Fractions, Decimals & Percentages

Mathematical Thinking

Look for and use mathematical structure: exploit the relationship between fractions, decimals, and percentages; use factor pairs to simplify multiplication; apply angle facts to find unknowns; use properties of regular polygons systematically

MathematicsAges 9–10

Likelihood Language

Probability

Use probability language to describe and compare the likelihood of everyday events using words such as certain, likely, even chance, unlikely, impossible

MathematicsAges 9–10

Lines, Rays & Angles

Geometry

Draw and identify points, lines, line segments, rays, angles (right, acute, obtuse), and perpendicular and parallel lines; identify these in two-dimensional figures

MathematicsAges 9–10

Long multiplication

Multiplication & Division

Multiply a whole number of up to four digits by a one-digit number, and multiply two two-digit numbers, using formal written methods including long multiplication; illustrate with area models

MathematicsAges 9–10

Measurement Line Plots

Measurement

Make a line plot to display measurement data in fractions of a unit (1/2, 1/4, 1/8); solve problems involving addition and subtraction of fractions using line plot data

MathematicsAges 9–10

Measuring angles

Geometry

Measure angles in whole-number degrees using a protractor; draw given angles and sketch angles of specified measure

MathematicsAges 9–10

Measuring angles (age 9+)

Geometry

Recognise angle measure as additive; find unknown angles by adding or subtracting on a diagram using equations with a symbol for the unknown

MathematicsAges 9–10

Mental addition and subtraction (age 9+)

Addition & Subtraction

Add and subtract numbers mentally with increasingly large numbers, using place-value knowledge and derived facts

MathematicsAges 9–10

Mental multiplication and division (age 9+)

Multiplication & Division

Multiply and divide numbers mentally drawing upon known facts, including related facts and place-value adjustments

MathematicsAges 9–10

Metric & Imperial Conversion

Measurement

Understand and use approximate equivalences between metric units and common imperial units (inches, pounds, pints)

MathematicsAges 9–10

Mixed numbers and improper fractions

Fractions

Recognise mixed numbers and improper fractions; convert from one form to the other (e.g. 2/5 + 4/5 = 6/5 = 1 1/5)

MathematicsAges 9–10

Multiplicative Comparison

Multiplication & Division

Solve word problems involving multiplicative comparison using drawings and equations with a symbol for the unknown number