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Domain Vocabulary Across Subject Areas
Vocabulary
Acquire and use accurately academic and domain-specific vocabulary relevant to grade-level topics, including words that signal precise meaning in informational texts across subject areas
Evidence-Based Writing
Writing Composition
Draw evidence from informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research in writing, applying grade-level reading standards to non-fiction
Expanded noun phrases (age 9+)
Grammar & Punctuation
Form and use prepositional phrases (preposition + noun phrase) to add detail about time, location, or direction within sentences, recognising how they function as adjective or adverb phrases
Explaining Events & Ideas
Reading Comprehension
Explain events, procedures, ideas, or concepts in an informational text, including what happened and why, by citing specific textual evidence about causes, effects, and steps in a process
Finding Theme and Summarising
Reading Comprehension
Determine the theme of a story, drama, or poem from details in the text, and provide an objective summary that captures the key events without personal opinions
Firsthand and Secondhand Accounts
Reading Comprehension
Compare and contrast a firsthand account (autobiography, diary, letter) with a secondhand account (biography, textbook, news report) of the same event or topic, identifying differences in focus and information provided
Fixing Fragments & Run-Ons
Grammar & Punctuation
Recognise and correct sentence fragments (incomplete sentences lacking a subject or predicate) and run-on sentences (two or more independent clauses joined without proper punctuation or conjunctions)
Grammar Terms: Modal Verbs and Clauses
Grammar & Punctuation
Know and use Year 5 grammar terminology accurately when discussing reading and writing: modal verb, relative pronoun, relative clause, parenthesis, bracket, dash, cohesion, ambiguity
Greek and Latin Roots for Word Meaning
Vocabulary
Use knowledge of Greek and Latin affixes (prefixes and suffixes) and roots as clues to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words, building a bank of common roots and their meanings
Homophones (age 9+)
Spelling & Word Study
Distinguish and correctly spell homophones and commonly confused words at Y5-6 level (e.g., affect/effect, practice/practise, advice/advise, complement/compliment, aisle/isle, led/lead), including confused words such as to/too/two and there/their/they're
How authors support their points
Reading Comprehension
Explain how an author of an informational text uses reasons and evidence to support particular points, evaluating whether the reasoning is sound and the evidence is relevant and sufficient
Identifying Reasons Behind a Speaker's Points
Speaking & Listening
Identify the reasons and evidence a speaker provides to support particular points, evaluating whether the reasoning is logical and the evidence is relevant
Idioms & Proverbs
Vocabulary
Recognise and interpret common idioms (break the ice, hit the nail on the head), adages (actions speak louder than words), and proverbs (a stitch in time saves nine), understanding their figurative meanings and when to use them
In-Depth Character and Setting Analysis
Reading Comprehension
Describe in depth a character, setting, or event in a story or drama, drawing on specific details from the text such as a character's thoughts, words, actions, and interactions
Interpreting visual information in texts
Reading Comprehension
Interpret information presented visually, orally, or quantitatively in informational texts (e.g., charts, graphs, diagrams, timelines, animations) and explain how it contributes to understanding the text
Linking paragraphs with adverbials
Grammar & Punctuation
Link ideas across paragraphs using adverbials of time (later, meanwhile, after a while), place (nearby, far away, beyond the wall), and number (secondly, finally, in addition) to guide the reader through a multi-paragraph text
Literary Evidence in Writing
Writing Composition
Draw evidence from literary texts to support analysis, reflection, and research in writing, applying grade-level reading standards to literature
Modal Verbs and Possibility
Grammar & Punctuation
Understand and use modal verbs (can, may, must, might, shall, will, could, should, would) and modal adverbs (perhaps, surely, certainly) to indicate degrees of possibility, necessity, and permission
Narrator's Point of View
Reading Comprehension
Compare and contrast the point of view from which different stories are narrated, including distinguishing between first-person and third-person narration and explaining how the narrator's perspective shapes the reader's understanding
Paraphrasing What You Hear
Speaking & Listening
Paraphrase portions of a text read aloud or information presented in diverse media and formats, capturing the key ideas accurately in one's own words
Poems, Drama & Prose
Reading Comprehension
Explain major differences between poems, drama, and prose, identifying structural elements unique to each form: verse, rhythm, and meter in poetry; cast of characters, dialogue, and stage directions in drama; chapters and paragraphs in prose
Progressive and Continuous Tenses
Grammar & Punctuation
Form and use the progressive (continuous) verb tenses — past progressive (was walking), present progressive (am walking), and future progressive (will be walking) — to convey ongoing actions at different times
Recommending Books
Reading Comprehension
Recommend books to peers, giving reasons for choices based on knowledge of a wide range of genres, authors, and themes, and making comparisons within and across books
Relative Clauses
Grammar & Punctuation
Form and use relative clauses beginning with relative pronouns (who, whose, whom, which, that) and relative adverbs (where, when, why) to add detail, qualify nouns, and create complex sentences