C Curriculum Explorer
Science·Waves, Light & Sound·conceptual

Reflection & Refraction

State the law of reflection (angle of incidence = angle of reflection) and explain refraction as the change in speed and direction when light crosses a boundary between two media; apply ray diagrams for plane mirrors and refracting surfaces

Suggested ages 11–12

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Evidence of understanding

  • States the law of reflection and applies it to draw a reflected ray correctly
  • Draws a ray diagram for a plane mirror showing a virtual image
  • Explains why a pencil looks bent in a glass of water using refraction
  • Explains qualitatively why light bends towards the normal when entering a denser medium

Assessment prompt

If Reflection & Refraction put a straw in a glass of water and it looked bent at the surface, could they explain why that happens — drawing a diagram to show the path of light at the water’s surface?

Standards alignment

KS3.Sci.Phys.Waves.1GB · uk-nc-2013

Properties of Waves

The national curriculum in England: Key stages 1 and 2 framework document · KS3

KS3.Sci.Phys.Waves.4GB · uk-nc-2013

Wave Interactions and Sight

The national curriculum in England: Key stages 1 and 2 framework document · KS3