Science·Matter & Materials·conceptual
The Particle Model
Use the particle model to explain the properties of solids, liquids, and gases — including differences in arrangement, movement, and spacing — and apply the model to explain density, compressibility, and the anomalous expansion of water
Suggested ages 11–12
Evidence of understanding
- Draws particle diagrams for solids, liquids, and gases showing correct arrangement and spacing
- Explains why gases are compressible but liquids and solids are not
- Explains why ice floats on water using the anomalous expansion of water
- Uses particle spacing to explain why gases are much less dense than solids and liquids
Assessment prompt
If The Particle Model was asked why you can squash a balloon but not a water bottle full of liquid, could they explain using the idea of particles what's different about gases and liquids?
Standards alignment
MS-PS1-4US · ngss-ms
MS-PS1-4
Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) Middle School
KS3.Sci.Chem.PNM.1GB · uk-nc-2013
Properties of States of Matter
The national curriculum in England: Key stages 1 and 2 framework document · KS3
KS3.Sci.Chem.PNM.3GB · uk-nc-2013
Comparing Solids, Liquids and Gases
The national curriculum in England: Key stages 1 and 2 framework document · KS3
KS3.Sci.Chem.PNM.4GB · uk-nc-2013
Particle Arrangements and Motion
The national curriculum in England: Key stages 1 and 2 framework document · KS3