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Consonant Digraphs
Phonics & Word Reading
Read and spell words containing consonant digraphs and less common consonant spellings (ch, sh, th, ck, tch, ng, ph, wh, k for /k/)
Describing Aloud
Speaking & Listening
Describe familiar people, places, things, and events with detail; speak audibly and express thoughts, feelings, and ideas clearly; give well-structured descriptions and explanations
Exploring Ideas Through Talk
Speaking & Listening
Use spoken language to develop understanding through speculating, hypothesising, imagining, and exploring ideas; use strategies to build vocabulary through talk
Expressing & Justifying Opinions
Speaking & Listening
Articulate and justify answers, arguments, and opinions; participate in discussions, presentations, performances, role play, and debates
Group discussions
Speaking & Listening
Participate actively in collaborative conversations staying on topic; continue a conversation through multiple exchanges; maintain attention in discussions
Knowing all letters
Phonics & Word Reading
Recognise and name all uppercase and lowercase letters of the alphabet; name the letters in order and use letter names to distinguish between alternative spellings
Listening and responding
Speaking & Listening
Listen and respond appropriately to adults and peers; follow agreed-upon rules for discussion such as listening to others and taking turns speaking
Onsets & Rimes
Phonics & Word Reading
Blend and segment onsets and rimes in single-syllable words; isolate and pronounce individual phonemes (initial, medial, final) in CVC words; add or substitute phonemes to make new words
Phonics Vocabulary
Spelling & Word Study
Know and use the vocabulary of phonics and word structure — phoneme, grapheme, GPC (grapheme-phoneme correspondence), blend, segment, digraph, CVC, vowel, consonant, syllable, root word, suffix, prefix, and homophone — and understand that these words describe the building blocks that phonics instruction is built on
Predicting what happens next
Reading Comprehension
Predict what might happen next in a story based on what has been read so far; discuss the significance of titles and events
Rhyming words
Phonics & Word Reading
Recognise and produce rhyming words; join in with predictable phrases and rhymes in stories and poems; learn to appreciate and recite poems by heart
Segmenting words into sounds
Spelling & Word Study
Segment spoken words into phonemes and spell CVC and simple phonetically regular words by writing a letter or letters for each sound
Single Letter Sounds
Phonics & Word Reading
Know the primary sound for each consonant and the short and long sounds for the five major vowels; respond speedily to single-letter graphemes
Sitting and holding a pencil
Handwriting & Transcription
Sit correctly at a table holding a pencil comfortably and correctly; form lower-case letters in the correct direction starting and finishing in the right place
Spaces Between Words
Grammar & Punctuation
Separate words with spaces in writing; understand that spaces mark word boundaries in print
Understanding print
Phonics & Word Reading
Demonstrate understanding that print carries meaning, follows left-to-right top-to-bottom directionality, and is organised page by page in books
Vowel Digraphs
Phonics & Word Reading
Read and spell words containing common vowel digraphs (ai, ay, ee, ea, oa, oe, oo, oi, oy) including where a digraph can represent more than one sound
Basic Nouns & Verbs
Grammar & Punctuation
Use frequently occurring nouns (people, places, things) and verbs (action words) appropriately in speech and writing
Book Features and Author's Reasons
Reading Comprehension
Identify front cover, back cover, and title page of a book; identify the reasons an author gives to support points in informational text
Capitals for Names, Days and I
Grammar & Punctuation
Use capital letters for proper nouns (names of people, places) the days of the week, and the personal pronoun 'I'
Characters, settings, and events
Reading Comprehension
Identify characters, settings, and major events in stories; become familiar with key stories, fairy tales, and traditional tales and retell them with key details in sequence
Comparing Characters Across Stories
Reading Comprehension
Compare and contrast the adventures and experiences of characters in familiar stories; identify similarities and differences between two texts on the same topic
Compound Words
Phonics & Word Reading
Recognise and spell compound words by identifying the two component words that combine to form a single word
Connecting reading to experience
Reading Comprehension
Link what is read or heard to own experiences; draw on background knowledge and vocabulary to support understanding of texts